Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission Through Breastfeeding: Efficacy …

Flynn, Patricia M et al. “Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission Through Breastfeeding: Efficacy and Safety of Maternal Antiretroviral Therapy Versus Infant Nevirapine Prophylaxis for Duration of Breastfeeding in HIV-1-Infected Women With High CD4 Cell Count (IMPAACT PROMISE): A Randomized, Open-Label, Clinical Trial.” Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) vol. 77,4 (2018): 383-392. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000001612

Background
No randomized trial has directly compared the efficacy of prolonged infant antiretroviral prophylaxis versus maternal antiretroviral therapy (mART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission throughout the breastfeeding period.

Setting
Fourteen sites in sub-Saharan Africa and India.

Methods
A randomized, open label strategy trial was conducted in HIV-1-infected women with CD4 counts ≥350 cells/mm3 (or ≥country-specific ART threshold if higher) and their breastfeeding HIV-1-uninfected newborns. Randomization at 6-14 days postpartum was to mART or infant nevirapine prophylaxis (iNVP) continued until 18 months post-delivery or breastfeeding cessation, infant HIV-1 infection, or toxicity, whichever occurred first. The primary efficacy outcome was confirmed infant HIV-1 infection. Efficacy analyses included all randomized mother-infant pairs except those with infant HIV-1 infection at entry.

Results
Between June 2011-October 2014, 2431 mother-infant pairs were enrolled; 97% of women were WHO Clinical Stage I, median screening CD4 count 686 cells/mm3. Median infant gestational age/birthweight were 39 weeks/2.9 kilograms. Seven of 1219 (0.57%) and seven of 1211 (0.58%) analyzed infants in the mART and iNVP arms, respectively, were HIV-infected (hazard ratio [HR] 1.0, 96% repeated confidence interval 0.3-3.1); infant HIV-free survival was high (97.1%, mART and 97.7%, iNVP, at 24 months). There were no significant differences between arms in median time to breastfeeding cessation (16 months) or incidence of severe, life-threatening or fatal adverse events for mothers or infants (14 and 42 per 100 person-years, respectively).

Conclusion
Both mART and iNVP prophylaxis strategies were safe and associated with very low breastfeeding HIV-1 transmission and high infant HIV-1-free survival at 24 months.

Disponível Em: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/>